Determinan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat dalam Perspektif Sosial-Ekonomi: Sebuah Systematic Literature Review

Abstrak

Purpose: This study aims to synthesize empirical evidence on the determinants of societal welfare from a socioeconomic perspective in order to build a comprehensive and integrated analytical framework, given that prior literature has tended to examine these determinants separately. Methodology: The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for publications from 2015 to 2025, using combinations of the keywords “social welfare,” “socioeconomic determinants,” “income inequality,” “human capital,” “social capital,” and “financial inclusion.” Following identification, screening, and eligibility assessment, a set of indexed, peer-reviewed journal articles was analyzed thematically. Results: The synthesis shows that societal welfare is a multidimensional construct shaped by the interaction of seven principal determinants: education, income, employment opportunity, health, financial inclusion, social capital, and social protection. Education and health function as the foundation of human capital, employment and income serve as direct economic transmission channels, financial inclusion and social capital act as structural enablers that strengthen household economic resilience, while social protection operates as a corrective policy mechanism for vulnerable groups. Conclusion and Implications: Welfare cannot be reduced to income growth alone but requires a holistic, cross-dimensionally integrated policy approach. The policy implications underscore the need for synergy among investment in education, expanded access to health services, strengthened financial inclusion, multidimensional-poverty-based targeting, and the development of social capital as a multisectoral strategy for enhancing societal welfare, particularly in developing-country contexts